In carrageenan-induced paw edema models and in CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant) arthritis models in rats, BPC-157 administration significantly reduced TNF-, IL-6, and IL-1 levels in local tissue samples compared to saline controls
25% 25% 2 25% 4 25% 6 25% 25% 2 25% 4 25% 6 25% 25% 2 25% 4 25% 6 , 25%
Also significantly increased endurance time and suppressed exercise-induced muscle lipid peroxidation
The study established that AOD9604 mediates its fat-reducing effects through 3-AR upregulation and ACC inhibition, independent of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) axis, which distinguishes its mechanism from full-length hGH
Preclinical studies indicate that NNMT knockdown or inhibition can protect against diet-induced weight gain and improve metabolic parameters without reducing food intake [8] [9]
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No